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Former Currency Trader Sentenced To 5 More Years For $3 Billion Ponzi Scheme
MICHAEL J. GARCIA, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, announced that MARTIN A. ARMSTRONG, a former currency trader and former head of Princeton Economics International, was sentenced today in Manhattan federal court to 60 months in prison on his conviction for conspiracy to commit securities fraud, commodities fraud and wire fraud, stemming from his $3 Billion "Ponzi" scheme involving securities known as "Princeton Notes." United States District Judge JOHN F. KEENAN, who imposed the sentence, also ordered ARMSTRONG to pay restitution in the amount of $80 million. According to the Superseding Indictment filed against ARMSTRONG (the "Indictment") in 2004:
During the course of the scheme, from 1992 through 1999, approximately 139 victims -- primarily corporate investors -- were fraudulently induced to purchase more than $3 billion in so-called "Princeton Notes," or certain securities purportedly issued by a holding company called Princeton Global Management, Ltd. As is typical in "Ponzi" schemes, earlier investors were repaid through funds contributed by later investors and, by the time the scheme collapsed, investors had suffered losses in excess of $700 million. The fraudulent conduct included: (1) making numerous fraudulent representations concerning the value of assets in accounts that ARMSTRONG controlled; (2) fraudulent misrepresentations of ARMSTRONG’s trading performance; and (3) wrongful commingling of investor funds. Read more at newyork.fbi.gov.
Settlement Price: The daily price at which the clearing organization clears all trades
Settlement Price: The daily price at which the clearing organization clears all trades and settles all accounts between clearing members of each contract month. Settlement prices are used to determine both margin calls and invoice prices for deliveries. The term also refers to a price established by the exchange to even up positions which may not be able to be liquidated in regular trading.
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Definition:
An option contract giving the buyer the right but not the obligation to purchase a commodity or other asset or to enter into a long futures position
Abandon
Definition:
To elect not to exercise or offset a long option position
Bear Spread
Definition:
(1) A strategy involving the simultaneous purchase and sale of options of the same class and expiration date, but different strike prices. In a bear spread, the option that is purchased has a lower delta than the option that is bought. For example, in a call bear spread, the purchased option has a higher exercise price than the option that is sold. Also called Bear Vertical Spread. (2) The simultaneous purchase and sale of two futures contracts in the same or related commodities with the intention of profiting from a decline in prices but at the same time limiting the potential loss if this expectation does not materialize.
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